RESUMO: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos aditivos do extrato aquoso de Cuscuta (akasbel) isoladamente e em combinação com doses cheias e reduzidas de herbicidas comercialmente disponíveis contra plantas daninhas na cultura do trigo durante o ano de 2016-2017. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados (RCBD) com três repetições. Os resultados mostraram que a capina de mão e o uso de herbicidas Allymax e Axial (doses cheia e meia recomendadas) controlaram significativamente todas as plantas daninhas prevalecentes e aumentaram o rendimento e os parâmetros contribuintes de rendimento sobre a verificação de plantas daninhas e aplicação única de extrato aquoso de cuscuta. A capina de mão e Allymax (dose total) mostraram população mínima de plantas daninhas, densidade relativa, biomassa de plantas daninhas fresca e seca e maior índice de área foliar (LAI), duração da área foliar (LAD), taxa de crescimento da cultura (CGR), altura da planta, peso de mil grãos e rendimento de grãos, enquanto a taxa de assimilação líquida (NAR), teor de clorofila, número de perfilhos, comprimento de espiga, grãos de espiga-1 e rendimento biológico foram máximos apenas na capina de mão. Esses resultados sugerem que, a fim de atingir o maior rendimento de trigo, o campo deve ser mantido livre de plantas daninhas por capina de mão (se o trabalho não é um fator limitante) ou usar a dose recomendada do herbicida Allymax para o manejo eficiente de plantas daninhas em trigo.

ABSTRACT: The present study was to assess the additive effects of cuscuta (akasbel) aqueous extract alone and in combination with full and reduced doses of commercially available weedicides against weeds in wheat crop during the year 2016-2017. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results showed that hand weeding and use of weedicides Allymax and Axial (full and half recommended doses) significantly controlled all prevailing weeds and increased yield and yield contributing parameters over the weedy check/control and sole application of cuscuta aqueous extract. Hand weeding and Allymax (full dose) showed minimum weed population, relative density, fresh and dry weed biomass and higher leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, 1000 grain weight and grain yield while net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll content, number of tillers, spike length, grains spike-1 and biological yield were maximum only in hand weeding. These findings suggest that in order to attain highest wheat yield, the field should be kept free from weeds by hand weeding (if labour is not a limiting factor) or use recommended dose of weedicide Allymax for efficient weed management in wheat.

New imidazolium-based ionic liquids and some pyridinium-based ionic liquids, were tested as corrosion inhibitors of steel in 1.0 M HCl using potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization and weight loss methods. The obtained results showed that all of the four ILs are good inhibitors for steel in 1.0 M HCl and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the inhibitor concentration. All of the ILs act as mixed-type inhibitors. Obtained results from Tafel polarization, linear polarization and weight loss are in good agreement with each other. The adsorption of the four ILs inhibitors, obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From the adsorption isotherm, values of ΔGads for the adsorption process were calculated. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of steel in presence of 1 × 10-3 M of compound II was studied in the temperature range 298-338 K.